Ok so using your formula the non gouged bore is 71.2216mm and the gouged one is 71.374mm

so my next question is, is this cylinder able to be bored or should I be looking to replace it?

I'm guessing my options are

http://www.ebay.com/itm/Suzuki-Wiseco-LT250R-LT-250R-250-Quad-Racer-Piston-Kit-71-50mm-1-5mm-Bore-85-86-/151135571098?pt=Motors_ATV_Parts_Accessories&hash=item233061cc9a&vxp=mtr

or

http://www.ebay.com/itm/Suzuki-Wiseco-LT250R-LT-250R-250-Quad-Racer-Piston-Kit-72mm-2mm-Bore-85-86-/171140793964?pt=Motors_ATV_Parts_Accessories&hash=item27d8c9466c&vxp=mtr

for piston kits, and Then I could bore to match. or would that be pushing the wall to thin?

How can I get the counter balance nut off? the book says to use a conrod stopper, do I need to get one or is there and easier way? and is it reverse threaded?

Also I found these two little things, in the bottom of my crank case, any idea where they came form?